胡雪岩

是否重建海湾美军基地？美国左右为难,齐鲁晚报·齐鲁壹点,是否重建海湾美军基地？美国左右为难_我的网站

一 |     美国和伊朗战事延宕近半年，伊朗对美国在海湾地区的多座军事基地发动反击，迫使美方审视重建遇袭基地是否“划算”。据英国《金融时报》23日报道，围绕重建议题，美国左右为难：若重建，需要数十亿美元，且有悖当下灵活分散的军事部署趋势；若不重建，缩减中东布局规模，地区盟友不免心生不满，美军也将留下“仓促脱身”的狼狈形象。        这张3月25日在科威特首都科威特城拍摄的照片显示，位于费尔瓦尼耶省的科威特国际机场一油库遭袭后冒起浓烟。新华社发    基地前景堪忧    据《金融时报》报道，近40年来，美国在中东的军事存在一直由海湾沿岸的军事基地网络支撑，但随着部分基地在美伊战事中遇袭，其前景蒙上阴影。    Editor's Note: 
In an era of profound global shifts and increasingly complex regional dynamics, a proper understanding of the world must be rooted in "grounded experience" and localized insights. Global Times English edition, in collaboration with the Academy of International and Regional Communication Studies, Communication University of China, is proud to launch "Local Insights," an English-language column dedicated to original, field-based observations.
We invite Chinese scholars and professionals who are studying, conducting exchanges, or working outside China, as well as international students and friends living and studying in China who are familiar with the social contexts of their home countries or third countries, to begin from first-hand field experience and engage with social, cultural, and contemporary issues beyond China. In the fifth article of this column, drawing on her on‑the‑ground experience as a Chinese exchange scholar, the author observes a South Africa Freedom Day memorial gathering, revealing how local politics unfolds through collective singing, dancing, and grassroots participation, while also reflecting on the gap between political liberation and economic justice.
As a PhD student, I am currently on an exchange program at Nelson Mandela University in South Africa, with support from the China Scholarship Council. Since arriving here, I have developed a habit of stepping beyond campus whenever possible. Community meetings, municipal events and public gatherings have become a vital way for me to engage with local life. This time, a local friend recommended that I attend a memorial event in Kariega, organized by the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) in honor of its former president, Phumzile John Gomomo. Beyond that, I had little sense of what kind of gathering I was about to enter.
It was on the way that I noticed the streets were unusually vibrant. Groups of people were dressed in colorful attire, with bright Xhosa headscarves and garments bearing political symbols. My friend then reminded me that it was April 27, which is Freedom Day in South Africa. On this day in 1994, South Africa held its first non-racial election, formally ending apartheid and inaugurating democratic rule. Over the past three decades, Freedom Day commemorates political liberation, while also inviting recurring reflection on whether the promise of freedom has been fully realized. In that sense, Freedom Day marks an important moment for observing contemporary South African politics and social sentiment.
    

    The aerial view of Johannesburg, South Africa Photo: VCG
From street to hall: Entering Freedom Day
The event was scheduled to begin at 10 am, and we arrived shortly before the hour. Yet there were not many people present. Banners of COSATU, the South African Communist Party (SACP), and the African National Congress (ANC) had already been displayed inside the hall, quietly framing the political context of the gathering. Although my understanding was still limited, I could already sense that their presence mattered. COSATU, SACP and ANC represent key forces in South Africa's political landscape, historically linked through the "Tripartite Alliance" formed during the anti-apartheid struggle and sustained in various forms since 1994. I could see that this was not simply a local gathering, but one embedded within a much longer political tradition.
What struck me first was how different the atmosphere was from what I had expected of a political gathering. There was no sense of urgency or visible tension. My friend introduced me around, and we greeted each other through handshakes, embraces and brief conversations, with a familiarity that suggested long-standing connections. Someone also greeted me with "ni hao." The early autumn wind carried a chill that felt almost like winter. However, the mood was unmistakably different. A sense of warmth emerged from the way people related to one another.
We took our seats in the front row. As I looked around, the hall was gradually filling up. I noticed that people wore headscarves, skirts and short-sleeved shirts layered under heavier coats, with ANC insignia visible in various forms. Every time I made eye contact with someone, they would respond with a warm smile. Even as the only foreign face in the hall, I felt no sense of awkwardness or exclusion.
         The author takes a photo with Babalwa Lobishe, Nelson Mandela Bay executive mayor and ANC regional chairperson. Photo: Courtesy of He Yue
When music preceded speech
The atmosphere felt far more open than I had imagined. There was no formal signal from a host. Yet, almost imperceptibly, singing and dancing began to fill the space. At first, it was only a few voices. Then others joined. A group of older women stood up, stepping lightly as their bodies moved with the rhythm. Their arms tracing steady patterns in the air, moved with an ease that suggested a deep sense of rhythm. Around them, others began to join in. Someone clapped, someone responded in song, while others stepped forward into the center, aligning themselves with the unfolding rhythm.
Before I fully understood what was happening, someone gently pulled me into the group. I followed, trying to imitate the movements. It didn't take long for me to realize that participation did not depend on learning the steps. Once inside, you were already part of it. 
Meanwhile, a more distinct call began to emerge, repeated at intervals: "Amandla" (Power) "Awethu" (To the People). The words rose above the singing and then dissolved back into it. Song, chant and movement overlapped, making it difficult to distinguish where one ended and another began. At that moment, I found myself wondering: was this a political gathering, or a celebration?
It was not until around midday that the event formally began. Speakers gradually took their places, and the hall shifted into a more structured atmosphere. What I did not expect, however, was that the mayor I had followed on social media was among those arriving. Seeing her there came as a surprise. I didn't expect to see local officials there, let alone find myself within what was clearly part of their political life.
The memorial lecture brought together members of the ANC, alliance partners and the broader community in a moment of reflection and renewed commitment. The gathering honored the enduring legacy of Phumzile John Gomomo and his immense contribution to the struggle for workers' rights and social justice. 
They reflected on Cde John Gomomo as one of the most dedicated worker leaders produced by the Congress Movement, emphasizing unity, organization and ongoing activism as essential to advancing the goals of the democratic movement. Gomomo was an icon in the labor movement. He devoted his entire life to serving workers and is remembered as a hero of the struggle for freedom, democracy and workers' rights. His contributions were situated within the broader historical moment of South Africa's transition to democracy - a transition whose achievements are commemorated each year on Freedom Day, marking the political liberation attained in 1994.
The lecture also raised a question that resonated widely: when political freedom was achieved, did it also translate into economic freedom? Gomomo's legacy was not only invoked as history, but also a lens through which to examine the present.
Speakers highlighted the ongoing challenges facing workers today, including high unemployment and the rising cost of living, which continue to strain working-class households. Against this backdrop, unity, organization and sustained activism were presented not as symbolic gestures, but as necessary responses.
The themes of the lecture aligned closely with the spirit of International Workers' Day, linking past struggles with present realities and ongoing demands. In this sense, the lecture stood not only as a tribute, but also as a call to action, urging those in attendance to carry forward the values, discipline and commitment that defined his life of service.
After each speaker delivered their speech, people rose from their seats, singing and clapping. The officials on stage joined in as well, blurring the distinction between speaker and audience. The atmosphere remained lively, with an almost continuous sense of energy. Gradually, I began to realize that the event was not simply a commemorative one, but rather a form of political practice.

         At a Freedom Day commemoration, participants use song and rhythm to express political memory and labor solidarity. Photo: Courtesy of He YueA moment of presence
What stood out to me was that the mayor mentioned China in her speech. She spoke of the strong relationship between China and South Africa, noting the presence of Chinese automotive companies in Nelson Mandela Bay and expressing hope for further cooperation. After her speech, I was invited to take a photo with her. She shook my hand, welcomed me as an international student in South Africa, and expressed her positive view of China.
I also had a brief exchange with Xolile Nqatha, the provincial secretary of the SACP in Eastern Cape. Reflecting on the history of leftist movements in South Africa, he noted that both the SACP and the Communist Party of China were founded in 1921. He also remarked that it remains rare to see Chinese scholars present at such gatherings. I had not imagined that I would be speaking with government officials, which initially caught me off guard. For me, this brief encounter made China's presence in South Africa feel less like a matter of diplomatic language and more like something embedded in local political life.
The event continued until around 3 pm. As I stepped outside, the surrounding streets were noticeably more crowded. The parking area was nearly full. Roadside vendors were selling clothing marked with political symbols, and media crews remained on site, documenting the scene. People left gradually. Many paused to exchange farewells, embracing one another before leaving, as if the rhythm of the gathering had not yet fully ended.
The experience reshaped my understanding of what a political gathering could be. In a global context where political expression is increasingly fragmented, a mode of public engagement built around rhythm and participation offers a different way of understanding political life. Here, politics did not take shape solely through institutions, procedures or formal speech. It could be serious, yet also warm. It could be articulated through language, but it could just as readily take shape through song, movement and collective response.
This year also marks the 32nd anniversary of the end of apartheid. It represents the restoration of dignity, equality before the law and the collective promise that South Africa would never again be a society governed by exclusion, injustice or oppression. In the community, I saw how residents engaged with the local government, participated in decision-making processes and worked collectively to build safer, more inclusive neighborhoods. For me, the gathering became an entry point into contemporary political life in South Africa, revealing something that cannot be fully grasped from a distance.
The author is a PhD student in African Area Studies at the College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Normal University
。    首先，基地重建需要“烧钱”。美国智库美国企业研究所4月发布的估算数据显示，分布在中东地区7个国家的11座美军基地在战事中受损，修复费用共计50亿美元。这在数百亿美元的美国对伊朗战事投入成本面前，也并非小数字。    其次，为“对抗先进对手”，现有的海湾美军基地日渐“失宠”。报道指出，美国国防部决策层愈发不看好将大型、固定基地作为军事行动集结和补给中心，转而倾向于更加分散的部署模式，使敌方难以打击美军。    第三，部分基地地面设施损毁严重，重建难度较大。伊朗对美军基地的机库、补给和雷达基础设施、指挥控制节点等实施轰炸，美国海军第五舰队一度因其位于巴林的司令部损毁严重，被迫将位于印度洋中部、距离伊朗数千公里的迪戈加西亚岛一处基地作为临时补给枢纽。

二 |     美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学国际问题高级研究学院教授哈尔·布兰兹表示，海湾美军基地，尤其是大型基地，“非常脆弱”。

三 | 他认为美国将调整在该地区的军事部署，把基地“转移至伊朗短程导弹和无人机射程之外”。        6月15日，一架美军空中加油机从以色列本-古里安机场起飞。新华社发（吉尔·科恩·马根摄）    伊朗随机应变    为避免落入伊朗短程导弹射程，美军数月来已把部分官兵和战机等转移至以色列、约旦等国，还利用部分欧洲国家的军事基地起降战机和无人机。    伊朗战事爆发以来，已有多名美军士兵身亡，超过200处美军设施受损或被摧毁。美军同时消耗了大量先进防空拦截弹，多种型号导弹库存见底。    伊朗方面则认为与美国陷入旷日持久的军事冲突愈发不可避免，因而早已“未雨绸缪”。据《金融时报》19日报道，伊朗政府内部知情人士警告，如果伊美之间爆发新一轮全面冲突，伊朗将扩大战场，瞄准“更远的目标”，包括美国在保加利亚等东南欧国家的军事设施。    曾供职于以色列军事情报机构的伊朗事务分析师丹尼·齐特里诺维茨推测，伊朗可能研发更多“射程可达以色列或约旦”的中程导弹。        8月7日，沙特阿拉伯王储兼首相穆罕默德（中）、土耳其总统埃尔多安（左）和巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹在沙特麦加签署《麦加共同防务协议》后合影。新华社发（沙特通讯社供图）    盟友质疑承诺    《金融时报》分析指出，即便美国调整在海湾地区的军事部署，也应考虑中东盟友的感受。数十年来，美国与中东地区盟友签订的“石油换安全”协议不断演变，部分海湾国家已经不再完全信任美国，转而寻求同其他国家建立防务关系，努力摆脱对美防卫依赖。

四 | 美伊战事迫使所有盟友反思，美国的安全承诺到底意味着什么。    沙特阿拉伯、土耳其和巴基斯坦本月初签署一项共同防务协议。分析人士指出，在伊朗战事影响外溢背景下，一些国家发现美国“靠不住”，因而寻求加强彼此间安全合作，尝试建立地区集体安全机制。

五 |     美国国防部负责中东事务的前任官员达纳·斯特劳尔认为，美国需要在军事行动需求与对中东盟友的安全承诺之间取得“微妙平衡”，且需要评估军事资产和部队部署情况，“以保障海湾国家的安全”。    不过，斯特劳尔和布兰兹均认为，美国可能难以摆脱中东盟友为其贴上的“抛弃盟友”“仓促跑路”等负面标签。    （新华社）返回，查看更多。

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Published on:08:02:23